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The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossacks Army, Zaporozhian Army ((ウクライナ語:Військо Запорізьке), (ロシア語:Войско Запорожское)) or simply Zaporozhians ((ウクライナ語:Запорожці ''Zaporozhtsi''), (ロシア語:Запорожцы ''Zaporozhtsy''), (ポーランド語:Kozacy zaporoscy), (チェコ語:Záporožští kozáci)) were Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, the land also known under the historical term Wild Fields in today's Central Ukraine. Today much of its territory is flooded by the waters of Kakhovka Reservoir. The Zaporizhian Sich grew rapidly in the 15th century from serfs fleeing the more controlled parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.〔 It became established as a well-respected political entity with a parliamentary system of government. During the course of the 16th, 17th and well into the 18th century, the Zaporozhian Cossacks became a strong political and military force that challenged the authority of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Tsardom of Russia, and the Crimean Khanate. The Host went through a series of conflicts and alliances involving the three powers, including supporting an uprising in the 18th century. Their leader signed a treaty with the Russians. This group was forcibly disbanded in the late 18th century by the Russian Empire, with most of the population relocated to the Kuban region in the South edge of the Russian Empire. The Cossacks served a valuable role of conquering the Caucasian tribes and in return enjoyed considerable freedom granted by the Tsars. The name ''Zaporozhtsi'' comes from the location of their fortress, the Sich, in Zaporozhzhia, the ‘land beyond the rapids’ (from Ukrainian ''za'' ‘beyond’ and ''poróhy'' ‘river rapids’). ==Origins== It is not clear when the first Cossack communities on the Lower Dnieper began to form. There are signs and stories of similar people living in the steppes as early as the 12th century AD. At that time they were not called Cossacks, since ''cossack'' is a Turkish word meaning a "free man." (Cossack has the same Turkic root as Kazak. It later became known as a Ukrainian and Russian word for "free booter.") During the early 12th century, other Asiatic tribes occupied the steppes to the north of the Black Sea, in such places as Polovci, Pechenihu, Kasahu and others. There were also groups of people who fled into these wild steppes from the cultivated lands of Kyivan Rus in order to escape oppression or criminal pursuit. Their lifestyle largely resembled that of the people now called Cossacks. They survived chiefly from hunting and fishing and raiding the Asiatic tribes for horses and food. In the 16th century, a great organizer, Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, a Ruthenian noble, united these different groups into a strong military organization. Cossacks were made up mostly of escaped serfs who preferred the dangerous freedom of the wild steppes, rather than life under the rule of Polish aristocrats. However, many serfs from Poland and Muscovy and even Tatars from Crimea could become part of the Cossack host. They had to accept Orthodox Christianity as their religion, and adopt its rituals and prayers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zaporozhian Cossacks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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